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+====== Linux Frequently Used Terminal List ======
+===== Blocking & Banning =====
+Refrain from blocking or banning as the main strategy. It has unintended consequences and needlessly inhibits users most of the time.
+  - mod_qos, a quality of service module for the Apache web server
+  - mod_ratelimit, a bandwidth rate limiting for clients
+  - mod_evasive, a module for Apache that provides evasive action in the event of an HTTP Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS/DoS) attack or brute force attack.
+  - mod_security, a web application firewall for the Apache web server. In addition to providing logging capabilities, ModSecurity can monitor HTTP traffic in real time in order to detect attacks.
+===== Manual Brute-Force Detection & Blocking =====
+Log the IP's in the logs such as the access.log in Apache
+Sort IP list in readable form
+  cat access.log.14 | awk '{print $1}' | sort -n | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -20
+  grep 'bot' access.log
+  grep 'spider' access.log
+Take each IP and search an abuse list such as abuseipdb.com or blackhat.directory
+They have an API that can monitor your server and report incidents automatically and even keep you aware of incidents happening around the world in real time.
+If the IP has a rating of 100% with many incidents, ban it using a firewall
+  sudo iptables -I INPUT -s 46.229.168.136 -j DROP
+  sudo iptables -I INPUT -s 30.30.0.0/255.255.0.0 -j DROP
+Save the IP list as IPtables command so you can redo with.
+  sudo service iptables save
+  sudo iptables-save > /etc/rules.v4
+  sudo iptables-restore < /etc/rules.v4
+  sudo ip6tables-save > /etc/rules.v6
+  sudo ip6tables-restore < /etc/rules.v6
+Hall Of Fame List (old do not use)
+  sudo iptables -I INPUT -s 46.38.144.57,92.118.38.55,46.38.144.17,112.85.42.238,193.188.22.188,193.188.22.229,46.38.144.146,92.118.38.38,159.89.127.138,45.227.255.203,141.98.81.37,141.98.81.38,46.38.144.179,46.38.144.32,122.228.19.79,104.244.79.146,107.189.10.174,185.153.199.125,120.92.153.47,218.92.0.211,146.88.240.4,199.19.224.191,104.244.72.98,107.189.10.141,218.92.0.208,49.88.112.72,107.189.11.11,185.143.223.76,185.143.223.77,185.143.223.78,185.143.223.79,185.143.223.80,185.175.93.105,185.176.27.34,45.136.108.85,49.88.112.68,92.118.37.67,122.228.208.113,185.176.27.18,93.174.93.195,185.234.219.62,222.186.15.18,45.136.109.173,45.136.109.87,89.248.172.85,92.118.37.86,95.213.177.122,185.143.223.143,185.143.223.144,185.143.223.145,185.143.223.152,185.143.223.182,185.143.223.184,27.69.242.187,46.37.10.220,81.2.233.5,92.119.160.143,158.69.236.53,185.143.223.185,185.176.221.238,185.176.27.166,185.176.27.170,185.209.0.32,194.61.26.34,218.29.108.186,94.102.53.10,171.251.22.179,185.143.223.183,185.234.218.156,80.82.65.74,92.246.76.193,111.59.93.76,112.85.42.89,123.51.152.54,142.44.160.153,142.44.213.89,185.143.223.146,185.176.27.102,185.176.27.14,185.176.27.246,185.176.27.26,185.176.27.30,45.67.14.162,45.67.14.163,49.88.112.67,158.69.236.54,184.105.139.67,185.143.223.149,185.175.93.14,185.176.27.42,185.209.0.91,45.67.14.164,45.67.14.165,51.79.68.99,80.82.70.239,94.242.26.158,104.236.122.193,185.175.93.18,185.209.0.89,185.216.132.15,198.98.52.141,27.70.153.187,62.231.7.221,80.211.31.147,92.119.160.52,94.102.56.151,112.85.42.185,122.228.19.80,128.199.91.141,171.235.59.4,185.153.197.162,185.207.37.166,185.209.0.90,185.232.30.130,185.86.83.126,220.88.40.41,80.82.78.104,81.22.45.175,81.22.45.176,81.22.45.177,81.22.45.253,91.123.157.56,92.119.160.66,112.45.122.9,112.85.42.194,185.153.197.139,185.153.198.249,185.209.0.51,185.94.111.1,211.150.70.18,212.237.63.98,218.88.164.159,45.136.109.102,45.136.109.227,45.141.84.18,45.141.86.122,45.141.86.128,45.67.15.137,45.67.15.140,67.207.67.2,81.22.45.250,81.22.45.251,89.248.174.201,92.63.196.3,120.211.2.71,171.235.58.32,183.60.141.184,185.175.93.19,185.176.27.162,185.40.4.23,193.29.15.225,193.32.163.112,218.92.0.202,222.186.52.86,223.71.213.216,45.67.15.139,45.67.15.141,5.189.155.14,54.37.162.102,61.155.127.173,77.247.109.38,80.82.64.127,80.82.77.234,81.2.244.252,81.22.45.133,81.22.45.25,89.248.160.193,89.248.162.168,89.248.168.225,95.110.201.243,103.133.108.33,104.152.52.38,104.152.52.39,107.189.10.231,109.236.88.14,115.233.218.202,120.27.112.195,123.58.4.233,142.4.206.18,173.249.0.208 -j DROP
+===== Understand That Exposure Can Bring Trouble =====
+After a certain amount of terra bytes, your server becomes a sign post for all types. While most people it provides some value to their travel. Some types of people make their way in the world by making trouble. Lawyers want to turn the internet into a copyright scam so they can make money. Governments and religions want to keep people brainwashed and so are threatened by information because it expands the minds of the people. Some people can use the government to support their private business models.
+Each person believes in their crusade but the server may contains millions and billions of pages of information, it is one word in one book in a library of millions of books. The two points of view, the scope are different.
+You might need to ban companies that litigate, lawyers, government and police from being able to access the files you have on your computer.
+To much exposure and trouble, there are people in the world that have their agenda and they need a muse to act out their agenda. For example legal people and their copyright scam, legal pepple do not care about your copyright it has instead become a must for a worldwide monetary scam. Therefore it may be suitable for your server to ban crawling and robots so that you do not attract mainstream attention. To do this you need to learn the ability to map the IP structure of organizations and use the above method to restrict them from your server. To be on the safe side, you will want to ban all law enforcement agencies including federal agencies, you will want to ban attorney operations especially those used by big corporations like Hollywood, Apple, Google and Microsoft and finally you will want to ban a new type of actor and that is a state backed operation that seek to take down servers that are either in competition with the state backed organizations or hold sensitive information that they do not want available. Some people will never understand the warfare is coming from state backed actors around the world. Google owns 14 million IP address' worldwide and if it were to DDOS a competitor it could do so at will. So you will need to be able to quickly reject their IP address range if you detect such a situation.
+Mapping the IP range of an entity takes detective work which is called "enumeration". You would find out the ASN and do a BGP lookup. However websites have completely automated the process.
+https://mxtoolbox.com/asn.aspx \\
+https://db-ip.com/as15169 \\
+(BGP Lookup Tool: https://www.dan.me.uk/bgplookup ASN, https://www.ultratools.com/tools/asnInfo, or you can research SPF of the DNS record using NKlookup, or you will have to do the slow time consuming detective work starting with one address and finding links)
+===== Choosing a Unix/Linux =====
+  - Lightweight Linux with the best package manager
+  - LAMP
+  - Set up iptables
+  - Fail2ban - https://superuser.com/questions/576751/example-of-fail2ban-configuration-to-ban-servers-spamming-my-postfix-server
+  - Email anti-spam and secure configuration
+====== Limiting Concurrent Connections Address ======
+Some people bomb the server with 20 or 50 connections. This limits connections from each IP address to no more than 5 simultaneous connections. This sort of "rations" connections, and prevents crawlers from hitting the site simultaneously.
+Do not use instead use specific server facilities such as Apache's mod_qos
+<del>iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m connlimit --connlimit-above 5 -j REJECT</del>
+It blocks people excessively
+You can use a command like...
+  netstat -nat
+to monitor IP address and then do the iptables ip ban if you can determine with accuracy that it is a hacker.
+====== Ban Spam Domains ======
+smtpd_sender_restrictions = hash:/etc/postfix/access
+reject_unauth_destination = hash:/etc/postfix/access
+Once this has been added to the main.cf, you need to create the /etc/postfix/access file and put entries in it like this:
+Code:
+aol.com     REJECT
+yahoo.com   REJECT
+msn.com     REJECT
+So on and so forth until all the domains have been entered. Once you have created this file and the permissions are correct run the following command:
+Code:
+  postmap hash:/etc/mail/access
+and finally restart postfix.
+====== Unrar ======
+for f in *.rar; do unrar e “$f”; done
+==== Chmod Files or Directories Only ====
+  find /path/ -type f -exec chmod 644 {} +
+  find /path/ -type d -exec chmod 755 {} +
+===== TV and Radio Server =====
+The TV and Radio Ganino promotion for easier success uses Darwin Streaming Server (DSS) by Apple. Darwin Streaming Server (DSS), was the first open sourced RTP/RTSP streaming server. It was released March 16, 1999 and is a fully featured RTSP/RTP media streaming server capable of streaming a variety of media types including H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, MPEG-4 Part 2 and 3GP.
+==== How to install the Darwin media streaming server on Linux (Ubuntu) =====
+Rachael Bond
+Saturday, 26 June 2010
+Linux
+The instructions have now been updated for Ubuntu 12.04 LTS. Homepage for DSS is http://dss.macosforge.org/ also tested on Linux Mint 14
+Ensure that you having the following dependencies installed:
+~$ sudo apt-get install gcc g++ make patch
+You can download the latest version of the Darwin server package from Apple.
+~$ wget http://dss.macosforge.org/downloads/DarwinStreamingSrvr6.0.3-Source.tar \\
+or: \\
+~$ wget http://www.ganino.com/x/files/DarwinStreamingSrvr6.0.3-Source.tar
+To additional patches are required to use Darwin on Ubuntu and a custom install script.
+Once again, if you prefer to download straight to your server use either:
+~$ wget http://www.ganino.com/x/files/dss-6.0.3.patch \\
+~$ wget http://www.ganino.com/x/files/dss-hh-20080728-1.patch
+Before installing Darwin create its user and group (hyphen may to be change from -- to -):
+~$ sudo addgroup  -system qtss \\
+~$ sudo adduser  -system  -no-create-home  -ingroup qtss qtss
+Next unpack the .tar file:
+~$ tar -xvf DarwinStreamingSrvr6.0.3-Source.tar
+and apply the two patches:
+~$ patch -p0 < dss-6.0.3.patch \\
+~$ patch -p0 < dss-hh-20080728-1.patch
+Move into the Darwin directory:
+~$ cd DarwinStreamingSrvr6.0.3-Source
+and delete the Install file:
+~$ rm Install
+Download the new Install file: \\
+~$ wget http://www.ganino.com/x/files/Install
+and change its permissions:
+~$ chmod +x Install
+For Ubuntu 12.04 it would appear that there is a compiling problem. This can be resolved by editing line 8 in Makefile.POSIX (in DarwinStreamingSrvr6.0.3-Source) and changing it from:
+LIBS = $(CORE_LINK_LIBS) -lCommonUtilitiesLib -lQTFileLib
+to:
+LIBS = $(CORE_LINK_LIBS) -lCommonUtilitiesLib -lQTFileLib -ldl
+After this Darwin can be built:
+~$ ./Buildit
+and install:
+~$ sudo ./Install
+To allow Darwin to run automatically on boot, download either:
+~$ wget http://www.ganino.com/x/files/darwin-streaming-server
+and change its permissions:
+~$ chmod +x darwin-streaming-server
+Move this file into /etc/init.d:
+~$ sudo mv darwin-streaming-server /etc/init.d/darwin-streaming-server
+and then update rc.d to autostart it:
+~$ sudo update-rc.d darwin-streaming-server defaults
+Darwin requires the ports TCP: 554, 1220 and UDP: 6970-6999 open in order to work. If you are using Shorewall edit /etc/shorewall/rules and add these lines:
+ACCEPT net fw tcp 554
+ACCEPT net fw tcp 1220
+ACCEPT net fw udp 6970:6999
+Finally direct your browser to http://yourserver:1220 to check that Darwin is working and to enter your admin passwords. If your server is going to be exclusively for RTSP streaming then select port 80 for use by Darwin – otherwise leave blank as this will interfere with Apache.
+You are now ready to upload .mp4 and .mov files for streaming…. however, make sure that your .mp4 files have been correctly encoded and hinted.
+Broadcasting a professional image ensures success and easier acceptance. It is accessible from any device that has internet anywhere and at anytime globally. Keep broadcasting.
+==== Encoding for DSS - Re-encoding & Hinting ====
+Encoding is key, encoding videos to specifications that server expects. For example encoding video in h264 and audio in aac. You will need to re-encode all files so that they are identical in every way. I use Wondershare Video Converter Ultimate.
+The profile is Mp4:
+Video Codec: H.263
+Audio Codec: AA2
+Video Size:
+Bit Rate 512Kbps (means every user that downloads the stream at 512kps will get smooth video, the server must also be able to stream @ 512kbps to every user.
+After re-encoding you must hint the video. The file will not play until you hint the file.
+ ~$ apt-get install gpac
+will provide the MP4Box command
+ ~$ MP4Box -hint thefiletohint.mp4
+a check on the video will now show the rtp streams section that a non-hinted video does not have.
+ ~$ ffmpeg -i file-we-require-info-on.ext
+To extract Audio From A Video Using ffmpeg
+ ~$ ffmpeg -i “whatever.format” -vn -ac 2 -ar 44100 -ab 320k -f mp3 output.mp3
+starting the server point your browser to
+  http://www.ganino.com:1220
+to access the stream use standard rtp port
+  rtsp://www.ganino.com/tv.sdp
+to access the mp3 stream
+  http://www.ganino.com:8000/radio
+SELinux and Firewall will not let it through. Disable SELinux for this test by editing /etc/SElinux/config and setting it to disabled. /etc/init.d/iptables stop to stop the firewall, later adding the exceptions rather than disabling.
+QuickTime Streaming Server 4 and Darwin Streaming Server 4 use the following TCP ports:
+  * 80: HTTP
+  * 554: RTSP
+  * 6970 -9999: used for dynamic (announced) UDP broadcasts
+  * 7070: RTSP
+  * 8000, 8001: MP3 streaming
+  * 10,000-20,000: buffer space
+  * 20,000-65,535: static SDP default range (user defined)
+the comments relating to chkconfig are important as chkconfig will read them regardless of the hash usually meaning comments are ok to disregard.
+  $ chkconfig --add myscript
+  $ chkconfig --level 2345 myscript on
+  $ chkconfig --list | grep myscript
+===== Editing Playlist With A Command =====
+  for f in /usr/local/movies//*.mp3; do echo "\"$f\" 5"; done >> radio.playlist
+file being /var/streaming/playlists/radio/radio.playlist
+===== Batch Rename Remove Char =====
+  for i in *\]* ; do mv -v "$i" "${i/\]/}" ; done
+===== Create HTML page from directory =====
+  for f in *.mp3; do echo "<a href=\"/music/beethoven/$f\">$f</a><br />"; done >> page.txt
+===== Copy Recursive Into One Directory =====
+  find . -iname '*.mp3' -type f -exec cp {} target_dir/ \;
+===== PF Rules =====
+  pfctl -f /etc/pf.conf
+===== Rename folders to numbers =====
+  #!/bin/sh
+  COUNTER=0;
+  for i in `find . -type d`; do
+  COUNTER=$((COUNTER + 1))
+  mv ${i} $COUNTER;
+  done
+===== Remove spaces from directories ======
+  find -name "* *" -type f | rename 's/ /_/g
+===== Shell command to bulk change file extensions in a directory (Linux) =====
+. Change from one extension to another
+The command below will rename all files with the extension .php4 to .php
+  for f in *.php4; do mv $f `basename $f .php4`.php; done;
+. Add (append) an extension to all files
+The command below add the extension .txt to all files in the directory
+  for f in *; do mv $f `basename $f `.txt; done;
+. Remove (delete) an extension from all files
+The command below remove the extension .txt from all files in the directory
+  for f in *.txt; do mv $f `basename $f .txt`; done;
+===== Artists Scripts =====
+  #! /bin/bash
+  for entry in *
+  do
+  echo "{{:artists:art_via_denmark:$entry?direct&100|}}"
+  done
+===== Pinger =====
+  #!/bin/bash
+  for a in {0..255}
+   do
+    for b in {0..255}
+     do
+      for c in {0..255}
+       do
+        for d in {0..255}
+         do
+          ping -c 4 -t 10 $a.$b.$c.$d >> $a.$b.$c.$d
+         #echo $a.$b.$c.$d
+        done
+       done
+      done
+     done
+or
+  #!/bin/bash
+  for a in {0..255}
+   do
+    for b in {0..255}
+     do
+      for c in {0..255}
+       do
+        for d in {0..255}
+         do
+          echo "====== $a.$b.$c.$d ======" >> $a.$b.$c.$d
+          echo "===== Ping =====" >> $a.$b.$c.$d
+          ping -c 4 $a.$b.$c.$d >> $a.$b.$c.$d
+          echo "===== Nmap =====" >> $a.$b.$c.$d
+          nmap -T4 -A -v -p 1-65535
+          echo "===== Associated IP =====" >> $a.$b.$c.$d
+          dig  $a.$b.$c.$d >> $a.$b.$c.$d
+          echo "===== Associated Websites =====" >> $a.$b.$c.$d
+          dig -x $a.$b.$c.$d >> $a.$b.$c.$d
+          echo "===== Activity =====" >> $a.$b.$c.$d
+          echo "Edit page" >> $a.$b.$c.$d
+         done
+        done
+       done
+      done
+===== Dokuwiki Permissions =====
+   {DOCUMENT_ROOT}/internet/conf/ is not writable by DokuWiki.
+   {DOCUMENT_ROOT}/internet/data is not writable by DokuWiki.
+   {DOCUMENT_ROOT}/internet/data/pages is not writable by DokuWiki.
+   {DOCUMENT_ROOT}/internet/data/attic is not writable by DokuWiki.
+   {DOCUMENT_ROOT}/internet/data/media is not writable by DokuWiki.
+   {DOCUMENT_ROOT}/internet/data/media_attic is not writable by DokuWiki.
+   {DOCUMENT_ROOT}/internet/data/media_meta is not writable by DokuWiki.
+   {DOCUMENT_ROOT}/internet/data/meta is not writable by DokuWiki.
+   {DOCUMENT_ROOT}/internet/data/cache is not writable by DokuWiki.
+   {DOCUMENT_ROOT}/internet/data/locks is not writable by DokuWiki.
+   {DOCUMENT_ROOT}/internet/data/index is not writable by DokuWiki.
+   {DOCUMENT_ROOT}/internet/data/tmp is not writable by DokuWiki.
+===== Dokuwiki Enwiki =====
+   cat enwiki-latest-pages-articles.xml | ./mwimport | mysql -f -D database -u user -ppassword
+   bzcat dewiki-20120603-pages-articles.xml.bz2 | perl mwimport.pl | mysql -f -u [USERNAME] -p [DATABASE]
+===== Replace Rename Folder Removing Whitespace =====
+  for f in *; do mv "$f" `echo $f | tr ' ' '_'`; done
+  for i in `find . -type d`; do new_name=`echo $i | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'`; mv $i $new_name ; done
+  for i in `find . -type f`; do new_name=`echo $i | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'`; mv $i $new_name ; done
+===== Duplicate Concat =====
+  :g/^/norm yyp
+Yet another one(shorter):
+  :%s/.*/&\r&
+Another one:
+  ：%!sed p
+/etc/my.cnf
+bind-address = 127.0.0.1
+skip-external-locking
+This also prevents MySQL from listening on the external network interfaces; note: the skip-external-locking directive should be used instead of the deprecated skip-locking.
+As a first step after basic configuration, we then need to install the default databases, change the password of the MySQL root user (don't take my passwords as an example!) and answer a few questions:
+# /usr/local/bin/mysql_install_db
+[ ... ]
+# /usr/local/bin/mysqld_safe &
+[ ... ]
+# /usr/local/bin/mysql_secure_installation
+[ ... ]
+Enter current password for root (enter for none): <Enter>
+OK, successfully used password, moving on...
+[ ... ]
+Set root password? [Y/n] Y
+New password: root
+Re-enter new password: root
+Password updated successfully!
+[ ... ]
+Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
+ ... Success!
+[ ... ]
+Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
+ ... Success!
+[ ... ]
+Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
+ - Dropping test database...
+ ... Success!
+ - Removing privileges on test database...
+ ... Success!
+[ ... ]
+Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
+ ... Success!
+[ ... ]
+#
+===== pf.conf ruleset =====
+  #### First declare a couple of variables ####
+  ### Outgoing tcp / udp port ####
+  ### 43 - whois, 22 - ssh ###
+  tcp_services = "{ ssh, smtp, domain, www, https, 22, ntp, 43,ftp, ftp-data}"
+  udp_services = "{ domain, ntp }"
+  ### allow ping / pong ####
+  icmp_types = "{ echoreq, unreach }"
+  #### define tables. add all subnets and ips to block
+  table <blockedip> persist file "/etc/pf.block.ip.conf"
+  martians = "{ 127.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/16, 172.16.0.0/12, 10.0.0.0/8, 169.254.0.0/16, 192.0.2.0/24, 0.0.0.0/8, 240.0.0.0/4 }"
+  ### admin server ranges ###
+  adminrange = "112.220.11.0/23"
+  # connected to internet
+  ext_if = "em1"
+  # connected to vpn / lan
+  int_if = "em0"
+  ##### ftp proxy
+  #proxy="127.0.0.1"
+  #proxyport="8021"
+  #### Normalization
+  #scrub provides a measure of protection against certain kinds of attacks based on incorrect handling of   packet fragments
+  scrub in all
+  #### NAT and RDR start
+  #nat-anchor "ftp-proxy/*"
+  #rdr-anchor "ftp-proxy/*"
+  # redirect ftp traffic
+  #rdr pass proto tcp from any to any port ftp -> $proxy port $proxyport
+  # Drop incoming everything
+  block in all
+  block return
+  # keep stats of outgoing connections
+  pass out keep state
+  # We need to have an anchor for ftp-proxy
+  #anchor "ftp-proxy/*"
+  # unlimited traffic  for loopback and lan / vpn
+  set skip on {lo0, $int_if}
+  # activate spoofing protection for all interfaces
+  block in quick from urpf-failed
+  #antispoof is a common special case of filtering and blocking. This mechanism protects against activity from spoofed or forged IP addresses
+  antispoof log for $ext_if
+  #Block RFC 1918 addresses
+  block drop in log (all)  quick on $ext_if from $martians to any
+  block drop out log (all) quick on $ext_if from any to $martians
+  # Block all ips
+  # pfctl -t blockedip -T show
+  block drop in log (all)  quick on $ext_if from <blockedip> to any
+  block drop out log (all) quick on $ext_if from any to <blockedip>
+  # allow outgoing
+  pass out on $ext_if proto tcp to any port $tcp_services
+  pass out on $ext_if proto udp to any port $udp_services
+  # Allow trace route
+  pass out on $ext_if inet proto udp from any to any port 33433 >< 33626 keep state
+  # Allow admin to get into box
+  pass in on $int_if from $adminrange to any
+  # Allow incoming ssh, http, bind traffic
+  # pass in  on $ext_if proto tcp from any to any port 25
+  pass in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to any port ssh  flags S/SA synproxy state
+  pass in on $ext_if proto udp from any to any port domain
+  pass in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to any port domain flags S/SA synproxy state
+  pass in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to any port http flags S/SA synproxy modulate state
+  pass inet proto icmp all icmp-type $icmp_types keep state
+  ## add your rule below ##
+=====  AVI to MP4 =====
+  avconv -i A\ Blade\ in\ the\ Dark.avi -c:v libx264 -c:a copy A\ Blade\ in\ the\ Dark.mp4
+=====  Find Files Larger Than A Certain Size =====
+  find ./ -xdev -type f -size +500M
+====== Some Useful Linux Unix Commands ======
+==== Mono In The Background ====
+  nohup mono myexe.exe &
+==== SSH Command In The Background Then Exit ====
+  tmux
+  CTRL+B D
+  tmux attach   #to come back to the command in the next session
+==== Join Multiple MP4 Using GUI ====
+  mkvtoolnix-gui  #apt-get install ...
+==== Video Convertor ====
+  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ffmulticonverter/stable
+  sudo apt-get update
+  sudo apt-get install ffmulticonverter
+==== Generate Thumbnails From Images ====
+  mogrify -resize 200 *.png
+==== Ebay Search All (old) ====
+  (th*,po*,a,and,at,condition,has,in,is,on,of,off,or,for,from,new,old,on,paypal,pick,up,to,was,where,when,will,with,%,$,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0)
+==== CCTV recorder ====
+Turn a webcam into a CCTV recorder
+  streamer -q -c /dev/video0 -f rgb24 -r 24 -t 02:30:00 -o outfile.avi &
+==== BSD Nameserver Bind Reload ====
+  rndc reload
+==== Restart SSHD ====
+  kill -HUP `cat /var/run/sshd.pid`
+==== Chmod Directories ====
+  find ./ -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
+==== Chmod Files ====
+  find ./ -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;
+==== Remove ^M ====
+  :%s/^V^M//g
+==== Make Thumbnails ====
+  mogrify -resize 80x80 -background white -gravity center -extent 80x80 -format png -quality 75 *.png
+==== Images From PDF ====
+  convert -density 900 -depth 8 -quality 100 Voynich_Manuscript.pdf Voynich_Manuscript.png
+==== Convert Directory to MP3 ====
+  find -name "*.flac" -exec avconv -i {} -acodec libmp3lame -ab 320k {}.mp3 \;
+==== Merge PDF ====
+  pdftk *.pdf cat output 1234567.pdf;
+==== Sample Daemon Startup Script On Red Hat Systems ====
+  #!/bin/bash
+  # chkconfig: 2345 20 80
+  # description: Description comes here....
+  # Source function library.
+  . /etc/init.d/functions
+  start() {
+    # code to start app comes here
+  }
+  stop() {
+    # code to stop app comes here
+  }
+  case "$1" in
+   start)
+       start
+       ;;
+   stop)
+       stop
+       ;;
+   retart)
+       stop
+       start
+       ;;
+   *)
+        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
+  esac
+  exit 0
+==== Create Site Mirror ====
+  wget -mk -w 20 http://www.example.com/
+==== SCP Various Commands ====
+Copy the file "foobar.txt" from a remote host to the local host
+  scp your_username@remotehost.edu:foobar.txt /some/local/directory
+Copy the file "foobar.txt" from the local host to a remote host
+  scp foobar.txt your_username@remotehost.edu:/some/remote/directory
+Copy the directory "foo" from the local host to a remote host's directory "bar"
+  scp -r foo your_username@remotehost.edu:/some/remote/directory/bar
+Copy the file "foobar.txt" from remote host "rh1.edu" to remote host "rh2.edu"
+  scp your_username@rh1.edu:/some/remote/directory/foobar.txt your_username@rh2.edu:/some/remote/directory/
+==== Bzcat & enWiki ====
+  bzcat dewiki-20120603-pages-articles.xml.bz2 | perl mwimport.pl | mysql -f -u [USERNAME] -p [DATABASE]
+  cat enwiki-<date>.xml | perl mwimport.pl | mysql -f -u<admin name> -p<admin password> --default-character-set=utf8 <database name>
+==== Mount BSD Drive From Linux ====
+  sudo mount -t ufs -r -o ufstype=44bsd /dev/sdb1 /mnt/
+==== Copy multiple files and append to end of filename ====
+  for f in /etc/*.conf; do cp -v -- "$f" "$f.orig"; done
+==== How to file split at a line number ====
+  wc -l 100 file
+==== Create Sitemap (Dirty) ====
+  find ./ > sitemap.test
+Open in gvim search and replace
+  ./
+with
+  <url><loc>http://www.yoursite.com/
+Open in vim and run command
+   :%s/$/\**##**/g \\
+Open in gvim search and replace
+  **##**
+with
+  </loc><lastmod>2014-03-05T22:44:12+11:00</lastmod></url>
+Add the open and closing tags
+  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+  <urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
+   ~~~
+   </urlset>
+==== Vim Search and replace ====
+   %s/<\/loc>/  \r<\/loc>/g
+==== Split With Custom Prefix ====
+   split -l 49999 --additional-suffix=.xml sitemap.test sitemap
+==== Gzip Multiple ====
+   gzip sitemap*.xml
+==== Add Line TO start and end of mutiple file ====
+   for file in sitemap*.xml; do
+    sed -i '1i <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\r\n<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">' "$file" &&
+    echo '</urlset>' >> "$file"
+   done

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