Amarna Letters
The Amarna letters (sometimes referred to as the Amarna correspondence or Amarna tablets) are an archive, written on clay tablets, primarily consisting of diplomatic correspondence between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru during the New Kingdom, between c. 1360–1332 BC. The letters were found in Upper Egypt at el-Amarna, the modern name for the ancient Egyptian capital of Akhetaten, founded by pharaoh Akhenaten (1350s–1330s BC) during the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. The Amarna letters are unusual in Egyptological research, because they are mostly written in a script known as Akkadian cuneiform, the writing system of ancient Mesopotamia, rather than that of ancient Egypt.
The known tablets total 382, of which 358 have been published by the Norwegian Assyriologist Jørgen Alexander Knudtzon's in his work, Die El-Amarna-Tafeln, which came out in two volumes (1907 and 1915) and remains the standard edition to this day. The texts of the remaining 24 complete or fragmentary tablets excavated since Knudtzon have also been made available.
Amarna Letters are politically arranged in rough counterclockwise fashion:
- 001–014 Babylonia
- 015–016 Assyria
- 017–030 Mitanni
- 031–032 Arzawa
- 033–040 Alashiya
- 041–044 Hatti
- 045–380+ Syria/Lebanon/Canaan
Amarna Letters from Syria/Lebanon/Canaan are distributed roughly:
- 045–067 Syria
- 068–227 Lebanon (where 68–140 are from Gubla aka Byblos)
- 227–380 Canaan (written mostly in the Canaano-Akkadian language).
Amarna letters list
MORAN(W.L.) - The Amarna Letters
cdli.ucla.edu, cuniform texts
EA# | Letter author to recipient |
---|---|
EA# 1 | Amenhotep III to Babylonian king Kadashman-Enlil |
EA# 2 | Babylonian king Kadashman-Enlil to Amenhotep 3 |
EA# 3 | Babylonian king Kadashman-Enlil to Amenhotep 3 |
EA# 4 | Babylonian king Kadashman-Enlil to Amenhotep 3 |
EA# 5 | Amenhotep 3 to Babylonian king KadashmanEnlil |
EA# 6 | Babylonian king Burna-Buriash II to Amenhotep 3 |
EA# 7 | Babylonian king Burna-Buriash 2 to Amenhotep IV |
EA# 8 | Babylonian king Burna-Buriash 2 to Amenhotep 4 |
EA# 9 | Babylonian king Burna-Buriash 2 to Amenhotep 4 |
EA# 10 | Babylonian king Burna-Buriash 2 to Amenhotep 4 |
EA# 11 | Babylonian king Burna-Buriash 2 to Amenhotep 4 |
EA# 12 | princess to her lord |
EA# 13 | Babylon |
EA# 14 | Amenhotep 4 to Babylonian king Burna-Buriash 2 |
EA# 15 | Ashur-Uballit I to Amenhotep 4 |
EA# 16 | Assyrian king Ashur-Uballit 1 to Amenhotep 4 |
EA# 17 | Tushratta to Amenhotep 3 |
EA# 18 | Mitanni king Tushratta to Amenhotep 3 |
EA# 19 | Mitanni king Tushratta to Amenhotep 3 |
EA# 20 | Mitanni king Tushratta to Amenhotep 3 |
EA# 21 | Mitanni king Tushratta to Amenhotep 3 |
EA# 22 | Mitanni king Tushratta to Amenhotep 3 |
EA# 23 | Mitanni king Tushratta to Amenhotep 3 |
EA# 24 | Mitanni king Tushratta to Amenhotep 3 |
EA# 25 | Mitanni king Tushratta to Amenhotep 3 |
EA# 26 | Mitanni king Tushratta to widow Tiy |
EA# 27 | Mitanni king Tushratta to Amenhotep 4 |
EA# 28 | Mitanni king Tushratta to Amenhotep 4 |
EA# 29 | Mitanni king Tushratta to Amenhotep 4 |
EA# 30 | Mitanni king to Palestine kings |
EA# 31 | Amenhotep 3 to Tarhundaraba |
EA# 32 | Arzawa king Tarhundaraba to Amenhotep 3(?) |
EA# 33 | Alashiya king to pharaoh #1 |
EA# 34 | Alashiya king to pharaoh #2 |
EA# 35 | Alashiya king to pharaoh #3 |
EA# 36 | Alashiya king to pharaoh #4 |
EA# 37 | Alashiya king to pharaoh #5 |
EA# 38 | Alashiya king to pharaoh #6 |
EA# 39 | Alashiya king to pharaoh #7 |
EA# 40 | Alashiya minister to Egypt minister |
EA# 41 | Hittite king Suppiluliuma to Huri[a] |
EA# 42 | Hittite king to pharaoh |
EA# 43 | Hittite king to pharaoh |
EA# 44 | Hittite prince Zi[k]ar to pharaoh |
EA# 45 | Ugarit king [M]istu ... to pharaoh |
EA# 46 | Ugarit king ... to king |
EA# 47 | Ugarit king ... to king |
EA# 48 | Ugarit queen ..[h]epa to pharaohs queen |
EA# 49 | Ugarit king Niqm-Adda II to pharaoh |
EA# 50 | woman to her mistress B[i]... |
EA#051 | Nuhasse king Addunirari to pharaoh |
EA#052 | Qatna king Akizzi to Amenhotep 3 #1 |
EA# 53 | Qatna king Akizzi to Amenhotep 3 #2 |
EA#054 | Qatna king Akizzi to Amenhotep 3 #3 |
EA#055 | Qatna king Akizzi to Amenhotep 3 #4 |
EA#056 | ... to king |
EA#057 | ... |
EA# 58 | |
EA# 58 | [Qat]ihutisupa to king(?) obverse |
EA# 59 | Tunip peoples to pharaoh |
EA#060 | Amurru king Abdi-Asirta to pharaoh #1 |
EA#061 | Amurru king Abdi-Asirta to pharaoh #2 |
EA#062 | Amurru king Abdi-Asirta to Pahanate |
EA#063 | Amurru king Abdi-Asirta to pharaoh #3 |
EA#064 | Amurru king Abdi-Asirta to pharaoh #4 |
EA#065 | Amurru king Abdi-Asirta to pharaoh #5 |
EA#066 | --- to king |
EA#067 | --- to king |
EA#068 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #1 |
EA#069 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to Egypt official |
EA#070 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #2 |
EA#071 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to Haia(?) |
EA#072 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #3 |
EA#073 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to Amanappa #1 |
EA#074 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #4 |
EA#075 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #5 |
EA#076 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #6 |
EA#077 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to Amanappa #2 |
EA#078 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #7 |
EA#079 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #8 |
EA#080 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #9 |
EA#081 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #10 |
EA#082 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to Amanappa #3 |
EA#083 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #11 |
EA#084 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #12 |
EA#085 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #13 |
EA#086 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to Amanappa #4 |
EA#087 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to Amanappa #5 |
EA#088 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #14 |
EA#089 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #15 |
EA#090 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #16 |
EA#091 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #17 |
EA#092 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #18 |
EA#093 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to Amanappa #6 |
EA#094 | Gubla man to pharaoh |
EA#095 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to chief |
EA#096 | chief to Rib-Addi |
EA#097 | Iapah-Addi to Sumu-Hadi |
EA#098 | Iapah-Addi to Ianhamu |
EA#099 | pharaoh to Ammia prince(?) |
EA#100 | Irqata peoples |
EA#100 | Tagi to Lab-Aya |
EA#101 | Gubla man to Egypt official |
EA#102 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to [Ianha]m[u] |
EA#103 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #19 |
EA#104 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #20 |
EA#105 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #21 |
EA#106 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #22 |
EA#107 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #23 |
EA#108 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #24 |
EA#109 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #25 |
EA#110 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #26 |
EA#111 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #27 |
EA#112 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #28 |
EA#113 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to Egypt official |
EA#114 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #29 |
EA#115 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #30 |
EA#116 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #31 |
EA#117 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #32 |
EA#118 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #33 |
EA#119 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #34 |
EA#120 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #35 |
EA#121 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #36 |
EA#122 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #37 |
EA#123 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #38 |
EA#124 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #39 |
EA#125 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #40 |
EA#126 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #41 |
EA#127 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #42 |
EA#128 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #43 |
EA#129 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #44 |
EA#129 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #45 |
EA#130 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #46 |
EA#131 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #47 |
EA#132 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #48 |
EA#133 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #49 |
EA#134 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #50 |
EA#135 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #51 |
EA#136 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #52 |
EA#137 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #53 |
EA#138 | Gubal king Rib-Addi to pharaoh #54 |
EA#139 | Ilirabih & Gubla to pharaoh #1 |
EA#140 | Ilirabih & Gubla to pharaoh #2 |
EA#141 | Beruta king Ammunira to pharaoh #1 |
EA#142 | Beruta king Ammunira to pharaoh #2 |
EA#143 | Beruta king Ammunira to pharaoh #3 |
EA#144 | Zidon king Zimriddi to pharaoh |
EA#145 | [Z]imrid[a] to an official |
EA#146 | Tyre king Abi-Milki to pharaoh #1 |
EA#147 | Tyre king AbiMilki to pharaoh #2 |
EA#148 | Tyre king AbiMilki to pharaoh #3 |
EA#149 | Tyre king AbiMilki to pharaoh #4 |
EA#150 | Tyre king AbiMilki to pharaoh #5 |
EA#151 | Tyre king AbiMilki to pharaoh #6 |
EA#152 | Tyre king AbiMilki to pharaoh #7 |
EA#153 | Tyre king AbiMilki to pharaoh #8 |
EA#154 | Tyre king AbiMilki to pharaoh #9 |
EA#155 | Tyre king AbiMilki to pharaoh #10 |
EA#156 | Amurru king Aziri to pharaoh #1 |
EA#157 | Amurru king Aziri to pharaoh #2 |
EA#158 | Amurru king Aziri to Dudu #1 |
EA#159 | Amurru king Aziri to pharaoh #3 |
EA#160 | Amurru king Aziri to pharaoh #4 |
EA#161 | Amurru king Aziri to pharaoh #5 |
EA#162 | pharaoh to Amurra prince |
EA#163 | pharaoh to ... |
EA#164 | Amurru king Aziri to Dudu #2 |
EA#165 | Amurru king Aziri to pharaoh #6 |
EA#166 | Amurru king Aziri to Hai |
EA#167 | Amurru king Aziri to (Hai #2?) |
EA#168 | Amurru king Aziri to pharaoh #7 |
EA#169 | Amurru son of Aziri to an Egypt official |
EA#170 | Ba-Aluia & Battiilu |
EA#171 | Amurru son of Aziri to pharaoh |
EA#172 | --- |
EA#173 | ... to king |
EA#174 | Bieri of Hasabu |
EA#175 | Ildaja of Hazi to king |
EA#176 | Abdi-Risa |
EA#177 | Guddasuna king Jamiuta |
EA#178 | Hibija to a chief |
EA#179 | ... to king |
EA#180 | ... to king |
EA#181 | ... to king |
EA#182 | Mittani king Shuttarna to pharaoh #1 |
EA#183 | Mittani king Shuttarna to pharaoh #2 |
EA#184 | Mittani king Shuttarna to pharaoh #3 |
EA#185 | Hazi king Majarzana to king |
EA#186 | Majarzana of Hazi to king #2 |
EA#187 | Satija of ... to king |
EA#188 | ... to king |
EA#189 | Qadesh mayor Etakkama |
EA#190 | pharaoh to Qadesh mayor Etakkama(?) |
EA#191 | Ruhiza king Arzawaija to king |
EA#192 | Ruhiza king Arzawaija to king #2 |
EA#193 | Dijate to king |
EA#194 | Damascus mayor Biryawaza to king #1 |
EA#195 | Damascus mayor Biryawaza to king #2 |
EA#196 | Damascus mayor Biryawaza to king #3 |
EA#197 | Damascus mayor Biryawaza to king #4 |
EA#198 | Ara[ha]ttu of Kumidi to king |
EA#199 | ... the king |
EA#200 | servant to king |
EA#2001 | Sealants |
EA#2002 | Sealants |
EA#201 | Artemanja of Ziribasani to king |
EA#202 | Amajase to king |
EA#203 | Abdi-Milki of Sashimi |
EA#204 | prince of Qanu to king |
EA#205 | Gubbu prince to king |
EA#206 | prince of Naziba to king |
EA#207 | Ipteh ... to king |
EA#208 | ... to Egypt official or king |
EA#209 | Zisamimi to king |
EA#210 | Zisami[mi] to Amenhotep IV |
EA#2100 | Carchemish king to Ugarit king Asukwari |
EA#211 | Zitrijara to king #1 |
EA#2110 | Ewiri-Shar to Plsy |
EA#212 | Zitrijara to king #2 |
EA#213 | Zitrijara to king #3 |
EA#214 | ... to king |
EA#215 | Baiawa to king #1 |
EA#216 | Baiawa to king #2 |
EA#217 | A[h]... to king |
EA#218 | ... to king |
EA#219 | ... to king |
EA#220 | Nukurtuwa of (?) [Z]unu to king |
EA#221 | Wiktazu to king #1 |
EA#222 | pharaoh to Intaruda |
EA#222 | Wik[tazu] to king #2 |
EA#223 | En[g]u[t]a to king |
EA#224 | Sum-Add[a] to king |
EA#225 | Sum-Adda of Samhuna to king |
EA#226 | Sipturi_ to king |
EA#227 | Hazor king |
EA#228 | Hazor king Abdi-Tirsi |
EA#229 | Abdi-na-... to king |
EA#230 | Iama to king |
EA#231 | ... to king |
EA#232 | Acco king Zurata to pharaoh |
EA#233 | Acco king Zatatna to pharaoh #1 |
EA#234 | Acco king Zatatna to pharaoh #2 |
EA#235 | Zitatna/(Zatatna) to king |
EA#236 | ... to king |
EA#237 | Bajadi to king |
EA#238 | Bajadi |
EA#239 | Baduzana |
EA#240 | ... to king |
EA#241 | Rusmania to king |
EA#242 | Megiddo king Biridija to pharaoh #1 |
EA#243 | Megiddo king Biridija to pharaoh #2 |
EA#244 | Megiddo king Biridija to pharaoh #3 |
EA#245 | Megiddo king Biridija to pharaoh #4 |
EA#246 | Megiddo king Biridija to pharaoh #5 |
EA#247 | Megiddo king Biridija or Jasdata |
EA#248 | Ja[sd]ata to king |
EA#248 | Megiddo king Biridija to pharaoh |
EA#249 | |
EA#249 | Addu-Ur-sag to king |
EA#250 | Addu-Ur-sag to king |
EA#2500 | Shechem |
EA#251 | ... to Egypt official |
EA#252 | Labaja to king |
EA#253 | Labaja to king |
EA#254 | Labaja to king |
EA#255 | Mut-Balu or Mut-Bahlum to king |
EA#256 | Mut-Balu to Ianhamu |
EA#257 | Balu-Mihir to king #1 |
EA#258 | Balu-Mihir to king #2 |
EA#259 | Balu-Mihir to king #3 |
EA#260 | Balu-Mihir to king #4 |
EA#261 | Dasru to king #1 |
EA#262 | Dasru to king #2 |
EA#263 | ... to lord |
EA#264 | Gezer leader Tagi to pharaoh #1 |
EA#265 | Gezer leader Tagi to pharaoh #2 |
EA#266 | Gezer leader Tagi to pharaoh #3 |
EA#267 | Gezer mayor Milkili to pharaoh #1 |
EA#268 | Gezer mayor Milkili to pharaoh #2 |
EA#269 | Gezer mayor Milkili to pharaoh #3 |
EA#270 | Gezer mayor Milkili to pharaoh #4 |
EA#271 | Gezer mayor Milkili to pharaoh #5 |
EA#272 | Sum. .. to king |
EA#273 | Ba-Lat-Nese to king |
EA#274 | Ba-Lat-Nese to king #2 |
EA#275 | Iahazibada to king #1 |
EA#276 | Iahazibada to king #2 |
EA#277 | Qiltu king Suwardata to pharaoh #1 |
EA#278 | Qiltu king Suwardata to pharaoh #2 |
EA#279 | Qiltu king Suwardata to pharaoh #3 |
EA#280 | Qiltu king Suwardata to pharaoh #3 |
EA#281 | Qiltu king Suwardata to pharaoh #4 |
EA#282 | Qiltu king Suwardata to pharaoh #5 |
EA#283 | Qiltu king Suwardata to pharaoh #6 |
EA#284 | Qiltu king Suwardata to pharaoh #7 |
EA#285 | Jerusalem king Abdi-Hiba to pharaoh |
EA#286 | Jerusalem king AbdiHiba to pharaoh |
EA#287 | Jerusalem king AbdiHiba to pharaoh |
EA#288 | Jerusalem king AbdiHiba to pharaoh |
EA#289 | Jerusalem king AbdiHiba to pharaoh |
EA#290 | Jerusalem king AbdiHiba to pharaoh |
EA#290 | Qiltu king Suwardata to king |
EA#291 | ... to ... |
EA#292 | Gezer mayor Addudani to pharaoh #1 |
EA#293 | Gezer mayor Addudani to pharaoh #2 |
EA#294 | Gezer mayor Addudani to pharaoh #3 |
EA#295 | Gezer mayor Addudani to pharaoh #4 |
EA#296 | Gaza king Iahtiri |
EA#297 | Gezer mayor Iapah[i] to pharaoh #1 |
EA#298 | Gezer mayor Iapahi to pharaoh #2 |
EA#299 | Gezer mayor Iapahi to pharaoh #3 |
EA#300 | Gezer mayor Iapahi to pharaoh #4 |
EA#301 | Subandu to king #1 |
EA#302 | Subandu to king #2 |
EA#303 | Subandu to king #3 |
EA#304 | Subandu to king #4 |
EA#305 | Subandu to king #5 |
EA#306 | Subandu to king #6 |
EA#307 | ... to king |
EA#308 | ... to king |
EA#309 | ... to king |
EA#310 | ... to king |
EA#311 | ... to king |
EA#312 | ... to king |
EA#313 | ... to king |
EA#314 | Jursa king Pu-Ba-Lu to pharaoh #1 |
EA#315 | Jursa king PuBaLu to pharaoh #2 |
EA#316 | Jursa king PuBaLu to pharaoh |
EA#317 | Dagantakala to king #1 |
EA#318 | Dagantakala to king #2 |
EA#319 | A[h]tirumna king Zurasar to king |
EA#320 | Asqalon king Yidia to pharaoh #1 |
EA#321 | Asqalon king Widia to pharaoh #2 |
EA#322 | Asqalon king Widia to pharaoh #3 |
EA#323 | Asqalon king Widia to pharaoh #4 |
EA#324 | Asqalon king Widia to pharaoh #5 |
EA#325 | Asqalon king Widia to pharaoh #6 |
EA#326 | Asqalon king Widia to pharaoh #7 |
EA#327 | ... the king |
EA#328 | Lakis mayor Iabniilu to pharaoh |
EA#329 | Lakis king Zimridi to pharaoh |
EA#330 | Lakis mayor Sipti-Ba-Lu to pharaoh #1 |
EA#331 | Lakis mayor SiptiBaLu to pharaoh #2 |
EA#332 | Lakis mayor SiptiBaLu to pharaoh #3 |
EA#333 | Ebi to a prince |
EA#334 | ---dih of Zuhra [-?] to king |
EA#335 | --- [of Z]uhr[u] to king |
EA#336 | Hiziri to king #1 |
EA#337 | Hiziri to king #2 |
EA#338 | Zi. .. to king |
EA#339 | ... to king |
EA#340 | ... |
EA#341 | ... |
EA#342 | ... |
EA#356 | myth of Adapa and the South Wind |
EA#357 | myth the Ereskigal and Nergal |
EA#358 | myth fragments |
EA#359 | myth Epic of King of Battle |
EA#360 | ... |
EA#361 | ... |
EA#362 | ... |
EA#364 | Ayyab to king |
EA#365 | Megiddo king Biridiya to pharaoh |
EA#366 | ... |
EA#367 | pharaoh to Endaruta of Akshapa |
EA#369 | ... |
EA#xxx | Amenhotep III to Milkili |
H#3100 | Tell el-Hesi |
P#3200 | Pella prince Mut-Balu to Yanhamu |
P#3210 | Lion Woman to king |
T#3002 | Amenhotep to Taanach king Rewassa |
T#3005 | Amenhotep to Taanach king Rewassa |
T#3006 | Amenhotep to Taanach king Rewassa |
U#4001 | Ugarit king Niqmaddu |