Amarna Letters

Autobiography of Kurigalzu

The Amarna letters (sometimes referred to as the Amarna correspondence or Amarna tablets) are an archive, written on clay tablets, primarily consisting of diplomatic correspondence between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru during the New Kingdom, between c. 1360–1332 BC. The letters were found in Upper Egypt at el-Amarna, the modern name for the ancient Egyptian capital of Akhetaten, founded by pharaoh Akhenaten (1350s–1330s BC) during the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. The Amarna letters are unusual in Egyptological research, because they are mostly written in a script known as Akkadian cuneiform, the writing system of ancient Mesopotamia, rather than that of ancient Egypt.

The known tablets total 382, of which 358 have been published by the Norwegian Assyriologist Jørgen Alexander Knudtzon's in his work, Die El-Amarna-Tafeln, which came out in two volumes (1907 and 1915) and remains the standard edition to this day. The texts of the remaining 24 complete or fragmentary tablets excavated since Knudtzon have also been made available.

Amarna Letters are politically arranged in rough counterclockwise fashion:

• 001–014 Babylonia
• 015–016 Assyria
• 017–030 Mitanni
• 031–032 Arzawa
• 033–040 Alashiya
• 041–044 Hatti
• 045–380+ Syria/Lebanon/Canaan

Amarna Letters from Syria/Lebanon/Canaan are distributed roughly:

• 045–067 Syria
• 068–227 Lebanon (where 68–140 are from Gubla aka Byblos)
• 227–380 Canaan (written mostly in the Canaano-Akkadian language).

Amarna letters list

MORAN(W.L.) - The Amarna Letters
cdli.ucla.edu, cuniform texts