Sumer Flood Story
Segment A
approx. 36 lines missing1-10. …… sets up ……. "I will …… the perishing of my mankind; for Nintur, I will stop the annihilation of my creatures, and I will return the people from their dwelling grounds. Let them build many cities so that I can refresh myself in their shade. Let them lay the bricks of many cities in pure places, let them establish places of divination in pure places, and when the fire-quenching …… is arranged, the divine rites and exalted powers are perfected and the earth is irrigated, I will establish well-being there."
10-14. After An, Enlil, Enki and Ninḫursaĝa had fashioned the black-headed people, they also made animals multiply everywhere, and made herds of four-legged animals exist on the plains, as is befitting.
approx. 32 lines missing
Segment B
1-3.
3 lines fragmentary
4-5. "I will oversee their labour. Let …… the builder of the Land, dig a solid foundation."
6-18. After the …… of kingship had descended from heaven, after the exalted crown and throne of kingship had descended from heaven, the divine rites and the exalted powers were perfected, the bricks of the cities were laid in holy places, their names were announced and the …… were distributed. The first of the cities, Eridug, was given to Nudimmud the leader. The second, Bad-tibira, was given to the Mistress. The third, Larag, was given to Pabilsaĝ. The fourth, Zimbir, was given to the hero Utu. The fifth, Šuruppag, was given to Sud. And after the names of these cities had been announced and the …… had been distributed, the river ……, …… was watered, and with the cleansing of the small canals …… were established.
approx. 34 lines missing
Segment C
1-27. ……seat in heaven. …… flood. …… mankind. So he made ……. Then Nintur ……. Holy Inana made a lament for its people. Enki took counsel with himself. An, Enlil, Enki and Ninḫursaĝa made all the gods of heaven and earth take an oath by invoking An and Enlil. In those days Zi-ud-sura the king, the gudug priest, ……. He fashioned ……. The humble, committed, reverent ……. Day by day, standing constantly at ……. Something that was not a dream appeared, conversation ……, …… taking an oath by invoking heaven and earth. In the Ki-ur, the gods …… a wall. Zi-ud-sura, standing at its side, heard: "Side-wall standing at my left side, ……. Side-wall, I will speak words to you; take heed of my words, pay attention to my instructions. A flood will sweep over the …… in all the ……. A decision that the seed of mankind is to be destroyed has been made. The verdict, the word of the divine assembly, cannot be revoked. The order announced by An and Enlil cannot be overturned. Their kingship, their term has been cut off; their heart should be rested about this. Now ……. What ……."
approx. 38 lines missing
Segment D
1-11. All the windstorms and gales arose together, and the flood swept over the ……. After the flood had swept over the land, and waves and windstorms had rocked the huge boat for seven days and seven nights, Utu the sun god came out, illuminating heaven and earth. Zi-ud-sura could drill an opening in the huge boat and the hero Utu entered the huge boat with his rays. Zi-ud-sura the king prostrated himself before Utu. The king sacrificed oxen and offered innumerable sheep.
12-17.
six lines fragmentary
approx. 33 lines missing
Segment E
1-2. "They have made you swear by heaven and earth, ……. An and Enlil have made you swear by heaven and earth, ……."
3-11. More and more animals disembarked onto the earth. Zi-ud-sura the king prostrated himself before An and Enlil. An and Enlil treated Zi-ud-sura kindly ……, they granted him life like a god, they brought down to him eternal life. At that time, because of preserving the animals and the seed of mankind, they settled Zi-ud-sura the king in an overseas country, in the land Dilmun, where the sun rises.
12. "You ……."
approx. 39 lines missing
Revision history
17.ii.1998-22.ii.1998: GZ, editor: adapting translation23.ii.1998: JAB, editor: proofreading
22.vi.1999: GZ, editor: minor corrections
22.vi.1999: GZ, editor: SGML tagging
25.vi.1999: ER, editor: proofreading SGML
25.vi.1999: ER, editor: web publication
01.vi.2003: GC/JE, editor/technical developer: XML/TEI conversion
© Copyright 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 The ETCSL project, Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford Updated 2006-12-19 by JE
Segment A | |
approx. 36 lines missing | |
1. | [...] im-ja2-/ja2\ [...] |
2. | nam-lu2-ulu3-ju10 ha-lam-ma-bi-a ga-ba-/ni-ib\-[...] |
3. | dnin-tur5-ra nij2-dim2-dim2-ma-ju10 sig10-[sig10]-/bi\-[a] ga-ba-ni-ib-gi4-gi4 |
4. | uj3 ki-ur3-bi-ta ga-ba-ni-ib-gur-ru-ne |
5. | iriki me-a-bi he2-em-mi-in-du3 jissu-bi ni2 ga-ba-ab-dub2-bu |
6. | iri me-a ceg12-bi ki kug-ga he2-em-mi-in-cub |
7. | ki-ec-<bar> me-a ki kug-ga he2-em-mi-ni-ib-ri |
8. | KUG? A nij2 izi ten-na |
9. | jarza me mah cu mi-ni-ib-cu-du7 |
10. | ki a im-ma-ab-dug4 silim ga-mu-ni-in-jar |
11. | an den-lil2 den-ki dnin-hur-saj-ja2-ke4 |
12. | saj gig2-ga mu-un-dim2-ec-a-ba |
13. | nij2-gilim ki-ta ki-ta mu-lu-lu |
14. | mac2-ance nij2-ur2-4 edin-na me-te-a-ac bi2-ib2-jal2 |
approx. 32 lines missing | |
Segment B | |
1. | [...] /mu-un\-[...] |
2. | [...] AM3 [...] |
3. | [...] X de5-/ga\ ga-ba-ni-in-[...] |
4. | [du]-/lum\-bi igi ga-ba-ni-ib-du8-/du8\-[X] |
5. | X cidim kalam-ma-ke4 uc gen6 /ha\-ba-ab-ba-[al] |
6. | [ud X] X nam-lugal-la an-ta ed3-de3-a-ba |
7. | men mah jicgu-za nam-lugal-la an-ta ed3-a-ba |
8. | [jarza me] /mah\ cu mi-ni-ib-cu-du7 |
9. | [iri-bi-e]-/ne\ [ceg12-bi ki kug-ga im]-/ma\-an-da-cub |
10. | mu-bi ba-an-sa4 kab dug4-/ga\ [ba-hal]-/hal\-la |
11. | nesaj iri-be2-e-ne eridugki mac2-saj dnu-dim2-mud mi-ni-in-cum2 |
12. | 2-kam-ma-ce3 nu-gig-ra bad3-tibiraki mi-ni-in-cum2 |
13. | 3-kam-ma la-ra-ag dpa-bil2-«hur»-saj mi-ni-in-cum2 |
14. | 4-kam-ma zimbirki cul dutu mi-ni-in-cum2 |
15. | 5-kam-ma curuppag dsud3ki-ra mi-ni-in-cum2 |
16. | iri-be2-e-ne mu-bi ba-an-sa4-a kab dug4-ga ba-hal-hal-la |
17. | id2 IM GUN2? ma-an-cu4-am3 im-ma-al-la a im-ma-an-de6 |
18. | id2 tur-tur-re cu luh-bi JAR HAR-HAR mi-ni-ib2-jar-jar |
approx. 34 lines missing | |
Segment C | |
1. | ki-tuc an-na X [...] |
2. | e-[...] |
3. | a-ma-ru [...] |
4. | nam-lu2-[ulu3 ...] |
5. | /ur5-gin7\ bi2-in-ak [...] |
6. | ud-bi-a dnin-/tur5\ [...] DIM2 A [...] |
7. | kug dinana-ke4 uj3-bi-ce3 a-nir mu-[un-ja2-ja2] |
8. | den-ki cag4 ni2-te-na-ke4 ad i-ni-/in\-[gi4-gi4] |
9. | an den-lil2 den-ki dnin-hur-saj-ja2-[ke4] |
10. | dijir an ki-ke4 mu an den-lil2 mu-X-[pad3] |
11. | ud-ba zi-ud-su3-ra2 lugal-am3 gudug X [...] |
12. | an saj NIJIN mu-un-dim2-dim2 EN [...] |
13. | nam-sun5-na inim sig10-sig10-ge ni2 tej3-je26 [...] |
14. | ud cu2-uc-e saj us2 gub-ba [...] |
15. | ma-mu2 nu-me-a ed2-de3 inim /bal\ [...] |
16. | mu an ki-bi-ta pad3-pad3-de3 [...] |
17. | /ki?\-ur3-ce3 dijir-re-e-ne e2-jar8 [...] |
18. | zi-ud-su3-ra2 da-bi gub-ba jic mu-[un-tuku] |
19. | iz-zi-da a2 gab2-bu-ju10 gub-ba [...] |
20. | iz-zi-da inim ga-ra-ab-dug4 inim-[ju10 he2-dab5] |
21. | na de5-ga-ju10 jizzal [he2-em-ci-ak] |
22. | DAG-me-a a-ma-ru ugu kab /dug4\-[ga ...] ba-/ur3\ [...] |
23. | numun nam-lu2-ulu3 ha-lam-e-/de3\ [nam-bi ba-tar] |
24. | di-til-la inim pu-uh2-ru-[um-ma-ka cu gi4-gi4 nu-jal2] |
25. | inim dug4-ga an den-[lil2-la2-ka] [cu bal-e nu-zu] |
26. | nam-lugal-bi bal-bi /ba\-[bur12 e-ne cag4 kuc2-u3-de3] |
27. | /e\-ne-ec2 [...] |
28. | /a\-na MU-/MU\ [...] |
approx. 38 lines missing | |
Segment D | |
1. | im-hul-im-hul tum9si-si-ig du3-a-bi tec2-bi i3-sug2-ge-ec |
2. | a-ma-ru ugu kab dug4-ga ba-an-da-ab-ur3-e |
3. | ud 7-am3 ji6 7-am3 |
4. | a-ma-ru kalam-ma ba-ur3-ra-ta |
5. | jicma2 gur4-gur4 a gal-la im-hul tuku4-tuku4-a-ta |
6. | dutu i-im-ma-ra-e3 an ki-a ud ja2-ja2 |
7. | zi-ud-su3-ra2 jicma2 gur4-gur4 ab-BUR2 mu-un-da-buru3 |
8. | cul dutu jic-nu11-ni-da jicma2 gur4-gur4-ce3 ba-an-kur9-re-en |
9. | zi-ud-su3-ra2 lugal-am3 |
10. | igi dutu-ce3 giri17 ki su-ub ba-gub |
11. | lugal-e gud im-ma-ab-gaz-e udu im-ma-ab-car2-re |
12. | [...] X si gal [...] sikil-la-da |
13. | [...] X mu-un-na-X-X-ba |
14. | [...] |
15. | [...] bi2-in-si |
16. | [...] X tab-ba |
17. | [...] A X |
approx. 33 lines missing | |
Segment E | |
1. | zi an-na zi ki-a i3-pad3-de3-en-ze2-en za-zu-da he2-em-da-la2 |
2. | an den-lil2 zi an-na zi ki-a i3-pad3-de3-ze2-en za-da-ne-ne im-da-la2 |
3. | nij2-gilim-ma ki-ta ed3-de3 im-ma-ra-ed3-de3 |
4. | zi-ud-su3-ra2 lugal-am3 |
5. | igi an den-lil2-la2-ce3 giri17 ki su-ub ba-/gub!\ |
6. | an den-lil2 zi-ud-su3-ra2 mi2-e-/ec2?\ [...-dug4-...] |
7. | til3 dijir-gin7 mu-un-na-cum2-mu |
8. | zi da-ri2 dijir-gin7 mu-un-<na>-ab-ed3-de3 |
9. | ud-ba zi-ud-su3-ra2 lugal-am3 |
10. | mu nij2-gilim-ma numun nam-lu2-ulu3 uru3 ak |
11. | kur-bal kur dilmun-na ki dutu e3-ce3 mu-un-til3-ec |
12. | za-e? X [...] /BA\ X-bi til3-ec X |
approx. 38 lines missing |
Print sources
Jacobsen 1981: composite text, translation, commentary
Jacobsen 1987, p. 145-150: translation, commentary
Kramer 1983: translation, commentary
Lambert and Millard 1969, p. 138-145: translation, commentary, score transliteration (by M. Civil)
Pettinato 1971: translation, commentary, composite text (ll. 37-50; 84-100)
Römer 1993a, p. 448-458: translation, commentary
Electronic sources
Krecher 1996a: composite text, translation
Cuneiform sources
CBS 10673; provenance: Nippur; lines in composite: 37-50, 84-100, 135-162, 201-217, 251-261 (Civil 1969: 138 suggests that bilingual CT 46, 5 may belong to missing part of col iii; STVC 87 B may also belong -- based only on similar content. Kramer 1983 follows Civil 1969's numbering; TUAT follows Jacobsen 1981's.)
Revision history
02.ii.1998-22.ii.1998: GZ, editor: standardisation23.ix.1998: JAB, editor: proofreading
22.vi.1999: GZ, editor: minor corrections
22.vi.1999: GZ, editor: SGML tagging
25.vi.1999: ER, editor: proofreading SGML
25.vi.1999: ER, editor: web publication
01.vi.2003: GC/JE, editor/technical developer: XML/TEI conversion
30.iii.2005: GC/JE, senior editor/technical developer: lemmatised version published
© Copyright 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 The ETCSL project, Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford Updated 2006-12-19 by JE